At Atulaya Healthcare Chandigarh all clinical Lab test Service is available.AllBiochemical,pathological and Haematological test are performed.
White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV invades and destroys certain white blood cells called CD4+ cells. If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection.
The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a low number of CD4+ cells and get infections or cancers that rarely occur in healthy people. These can be deadly.
But having HIV does not mean you have AIDS. Even without treatment, it takes a long time for HIV to progress to AIDS—usually 10 to 12 years. If HIV is diagnosed before it becomes AIDS, medicines can slow or stop the damage to the immune system. With treatment, many people with HIV are able to live long and active lives.
The tests that detect HIV antibodies in urine, fluid from the mouth (oral fluid), or blood can diagnose HIV. If a test on urine or oral fluid shows that you are infected with HIV, you will probably need a blood test to confirm the results. If you have been exposed to HIV, your immune system will make antibodies to try to destroy the virus. Blood tests can find these antibodies in your blood.
Most doctors use two blood tests, called the ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the Western blot assay. If the first ELISA is positive (meaning that HIV antibodies are found), the blood sample is tested again. If the second test is positive, the doctor will do a Western blot to be sure. ?It may take as long as 6 months for HIV antibodies to show up in a blood sample. If you think you have been exposed to HIV but you test negative for it.
Get tested again in 6 months to be sure you are not infected.
And Once Detected Further Tests Are can be done such as:
• Viral load: Measures the amount of HIV in your blood, so you want this number to be as low as possible. One key goal of HIV treatment is to achieve and maintain a viral load that is “undetectable.”
• A person with HIV can have a viral load anywhere between less than 50 copies to over 1,000,000 copies per milliliter of blood (copies/mL). Less than 50 copies/mL is considered undetectable.
• CD4 cell count: Determines how many infection-fighting cells (also called T-helper cells) you have, so you want this number to be as high as possible. One key goal of HIV treatment is to increase your CD4 count, which makes your immune system stronger.
• CD4 cell counts between 500 and 1,500 per milliliter of blood are considered normal. AIDS begins when the CD4 count is less than 200. The following tests are used to monitor your overall health and to let you and your healthcare provider know if any of your meds are causing side effects or other problems.
Blood Test: The health professional (phlebotomist) drawing blood will:
For Blood Test: There is no special preparation required for blood test.
For Tissue Test: Your doctor needs to extract the affected tissue so you need to send the same for testing in the pathology lab.
Blood Test: The health professional (phlebotomist) drawing blood will:
Blood test
Allergy blood tests look for substances in the blood called antibodies. Blood tests are not as sensitive as skin tests but are often used for people who are not able to have skin tests.
The most common type of blood test used is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, EIA). It measures the blood level of a type of antibody (called immunoglobulin E, or IgE) that the body may make in response to certain allergens. IgE levels are often higher in people who have allergies or asthma.
Other lab testing methods, such as radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) or an immunoassay capture test (ImmunoCAP, UniCAP, or Pharmacia CAP), may be used to provide more information.
Blood Test: The health professional (phlebotomist) drawing blood will:
Mantoux tuberculin skin tests are often used for routine screening of high risk individual.
Blood Test: The health professional (phlebotomist) drawing blood will:
The RF test may be ordered along with other autoimmune-related tests, such as an ANA (antinuclear antibody), and other markers of inflammation, such as a CRP (C-reactive protein) and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), as well as a CBC (Complete Blood Count) to evaluate the body’s blood cells. A CCP (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody) test, a relatively new test that can help detect early RA, may be ordered if the RF is negative.
The RF test may also be ordered, along with tests such as anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B to help diagnose Sjögren syndrome.
ANTI CCP: Anti cyclic citrillumnated peptide.
Blood Test: The health professional (phlebotomist) drawing blood will: